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The Discovery of the Insulin: A Life-Saving Medication
How insulin was isolated in Toronto in 1921-22, who did what, how the first patients were treated, and why credit for the discovery is still debated.
Medicine and the Body
Diabetes Care Technology
Insulin, pumps and the artificial pancreas.
The Invention of the Artificial Pancreas: A Life-Saving Device for Diabetics
How sensors and insulin pumps were linked into automated closed-loop systems for home use, from early sensor-augmented pumps to hybrid systems and do-it-yourself projects.
The Invention of the First Artificial Pancreas: A Medical Marvel
A history of the early 1970s bedside machines that measured blood glucose and adjusted insulin automatically, and the researchers who built them.
The Invention of the Medical Implantable Pump: A Life-Saving Breakthrough
A history of pumps placed inside the body to deliver drugs such as insulin, how they worked, who developed them, and why they never became widespread for diabetes.
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Prosthetic Limbs Artificial arms, hands, legs and feet through the centuries. Sight and Hearing Aids Bionic eyes and ears, implants and the microscope. Exoskeletons and Artificial Tissue Wearable assistive frames, soft robotics, artificial muscle and skin. Microscopy How lenses opened the microscopic world and changed medicine. Medical Imaging Seeing inside the body with scans. X-Rays Discovery and early use of X-ray machines. Heart Devices and Implants Pacemakers, defibrillators, valves and artificial hearts. Vaccines and Genetics Polio vaccine, DNA and gene editing. Medical Instruments Everyday tools of examination and treatment, told as history.